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| start1 = May 15, 1990 | end1 = December 5, 1991 | convocation2 = 2nd convocation | deputyfrom2 = Ternopil Oblast, District No.364 | color2 = | party2 = Independent | start2 = September 25, 1994 | end2 = May 12, 1998 | convocation3 = 3rd convocation | deputyfrom3 = No.1 | color3 = #00478B | party3 = Social Democratic Party (united) | start3 = May 12, 1998 | end3 = May 14, 2002 | convocation4 = 4th convocation | deputyfrom4 = No.5 | color4 = #00478B | party4= Social Democratic Party (united) | start4 = May 14, 2002 | end4 = May 25, 2006 }} Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk ((ウクライナ語:Леонід Макарович Кравчук); born January 10, 1934) is a former Ukrainian politician and the first President of Ukraine, who served from December 5, 1991, until his resignation on July 19, 1994. He is also a former Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) faction. After a political crisis involving the President and the Prime Minister, Kravchuk resigned from the Presidency, but ran for a second term as President in 1994. He was defeated by his former Prime Minister, Leonid Kuchma, who served as President for two terms. After Kravchuk's presidency, he was active in Ukrainian politics, serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine in the Verkhovna Rada and the leader of Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)'s parliamentary group (from 2002 to 2006). He is currently politically inactive. ==Biography== Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk was born in 1934 in the village of Velykyi Zhytyn (''Żytyń Wielki'') to a peasant family. At that time the village was located in Aleksandrija gmina, Rowno powiat in Poland. The village became part of Rivne Oblast in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic after the Soviet invasion in 1939 when Kravchuk was a child. His father served in the Polish cavalry in the 1930s, and later he and his wife worked for the local osadniks (Polish colonists). During World War II Kravchuk's father perished on the front lines. Kravchuk married math teacher Antonina Mykhailivna Mishura in 1957.〔 The First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993, Barbara Bush (the wife of the 41st President of the United States George H. W. Bush), described Antonina in her memoirs: "She was the nicest young woman, a math teacher with absolutely no interest in politics".〔 Kravchuk joined the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1958 and rose through the ranks of the party and of its ''agitprop'' department. He became a member of the Ukrainian Politburo in 1989, and on 23 July 1990 became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, becoming the republic's nominal head of state. After the 19–21 August 1991 Soviet coup attempt Kravchuk resigned from the Communist Party. After the Verkhovna Rada passed the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine on 24 August, the constitution was amended to create the post of President of Ukraine. Kravchuk was vested with presidential powers, thus becoming both de facto and de jure head of state. Later that year, on 5 December 1991, voters formally elected him president in Ukraine's first presidential election. On the same day, the voters voted overwhelmingly to secede from the Soviet Union, making Kravchuk the first head of state of independent Ukraine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonid Kravchuk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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